Direct and indirect evidence for polypeptide absorption by the teleost gastrointestinal tract

The ability of the gastrointestinal tract of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha , to absorb polypeptides in vivo was investigated by reference to the appearance of orally administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) within the blood of fish previously treated with dexamethasone (3μg g^−l body weight) in order to suppress endogenous ACTH secretion. Further, since cortisol presence within plasma is dependent upon the availability of ACTH, dexamethasone blockade of endogenous ACTH secretion, in conjunction with subsequent measurements of plasma cortisol levels, provides a means by which biological patency of absorbed exogenous ACTH may be demonstrated. Levels of ACTH and cortisol in plasma of dexamethasone-treated salmon were therefore measured for a period of 360 min immediately following oral intubation of ACTH (15μg g⁻¹ body weight). Peak plasma presence of ACTH-like immunoreactivity (676.6 ± 33.6 pg ml⁻¹ plasma) and cortisol (227.1 ± 29.0 ng ml⁻¹ plasma) were recorded 120 min after ACTH administration. Results from the experimental groups were compared to those of 15 control treatments. Since administration of ACTH to chinook salmon elicited a consistent and significant elevation in not only plasma ACTH but also cortisol presence, it is contended that the salmonid gut expresses an ability to absorb polypeptides of dietary origin. The significance of these findings with respect to the oral administration of biologically active peptides and proteins to fish of importance to aquaculture is discussed.     

杨树苗期合理密度与合理密度线研究

 本文以加杨(Populus Canadensis),I—214(Populus euramericana(Dode)Guinier CV—214),中保14等杨树密度试验(1988—1991)为依据,分析了初植密度、竞争对生长的抑制作用,阐述了合理密度、合理密度范围、缓冲作用、上限合理密度线的形成过程。指出在双对数图上,上限合理密度线遵从Logistic分布(1nw=K/1+e(0.732·lnN-2.429),呈左侧伸展的S型曲线。该曲线可划分为近似于lnw一lnN直线的上中下三部分,其中间部分直线式的斜率为-1.5左右,称作合理密度直线式。对密度与生长的动态作了分析、概述与讨论。     

湖羊瘤胃微生物GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25的表达与功能表征

【目的】葡聚糖酶是饲用添加剂的重要成分,本研究旨在从湖羊消化道微生物中挖掘性质优良的GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因,用于研发新型饲用酶制剂。【方法】从湖羊瘤胃微生物cDNA中扩增IDSGLUC9-25基因,在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,对重组蛋白进行诱导表达和纯化,研究重组蛋白的酶学性质和底物水解模式。【结果】IDSGLUC9-25基因编码527个氨基酸,包含一个CelD_N结构和一个GH9家族催化结构域;重组蛋白rIDSGLUC9-25分子量约为62.7 kDa,最适反应温度和pH分别为40℃和6.0,在30-50℃下活性较高,在pH 4.0-8.0范围内能够保持较高的稳定性,经pH 4.0-8.0缓冲液处理1 h后残余活性均大于90%;底物谱分析表明,rIDSGLUC9-25能催化大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、魔芋胶和木葡聚糖,比活性分别为(443.55±24.48)、(65.56±5.98)、(122.37±2.85)和(159.16±7.73) U/mg;利用薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析水解产物发现,rIDSGLUC9-25降解大麦葡聚糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖64.19%±1.19%)和纤维四糖(占总还原糖26.24%±0.12%),催化地衣多糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖78.46%±0.89%)。【结论】本研究报道了一种来自密螺旋体属细菌的内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶IDSGLUC9-25 (EC 3.2.1.4),能高效催化多糖底物生成纤维三糖和纤维四糖,为研发饲用酶制剂和制备低聚寡糖建立基础。     

基于Landsat的重庆市生态环境质量动态监测及其时空格局演变分析

长江流域是我国重要的生态屏障之一,重庆市作为长江上游最后一道关口,研究其生态质量发展对于有效保护长江流域生态环境具有重要指导意义。基于2011—2021年间的Landsat影像等数据,计算遥感生态指数(Remote sensing based ecological index, RSEI),并采用Sen(Theil-Sen median)趋势分析法和MK(Mann-Kendall)检验研究其变化趋势以及利用Hurst指数模型分析RSEI的持续特征。利用空间转移矩阵和重心迁移模型研究其在空间上分布特征的变化情况,最后使用降水、风速、近地表气温、海拔等辅助数据为影响因素,结合地理探测器进一步探究RSEI变化驱动力,探讨重庆市2011—2021的RSEI空间分布及演变趋势。结果表明：(1)重庆市多年平均RSEI为0.593,使用等间距法将其划分的等级为差、较差、中等、良、优的面积占比分别为2.48%、8.28%、38.32%、41,87%、9.05%。从整体来看重庆市生态质量水平较高,重庆市年际RSEI以显著趋势波动增长。(2)RSEI等级为差的地区空间上主要集中于重庆西部;较差等级主要围绕...     

肠道菌群在脊髓损伤后胃肠道炎症反应中的研究进展

脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury, SCI)目前尚无有效的治疗手段。脊髓损伤后,患者常伴有严重的胃肠功能障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量。研究发现,脊髓损伤后肠道菌群的紊乱和脊髓损伤后的胃肠道功能障碍密切相关。因此,本文围绕脊髓损伤后肠道菌群的变化,探讨肠道菌群在迷走神经、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺和肠道菌群代谢物3个途径中发挥的作用,及与胃肠道炎症反应相关的研究进展。     

qSOFA评分、血乳酸及红细胞分布宽度与急性上消化道出血病情严重程度的关系及其预测患者预后的效能分析

摘要 目的：探讨快速序贯器官功能衰竭评估（qSOFA）评分、血乳酸（Lac）及红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与急性上消化道出血（AUGIB）病情严重程度的关系及其预测患者预后的效能。方法：选取2017年6月～2022年6月我院收治的230例AUGIB患者为研究对象,根据病情严重程度分为低危组44例、中危组140例、高危组36例、极高危组10例,且根据其入院28 d内生存情况分为死亡组（n=31）和存活组（n=199）。收集AUGIB患者临床资料,检测血Lac、RDW水平并计算qSOFA评分。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AUGIB患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析qSOFA评分和血Lac、RDW对AUGIB患者预后不良的预测价值。结果：低危组、中危组、高危组、极高危组qSOFA评分和血Lac、RDW水平依次升高（P＜0.05）。230例AUGIB患者入院28 d内死亡率为13.48％（31/230）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加、GBS评分≥6分及休克指数、qSOFA评分、血尿素氮、血Lac、RDW水平升高为AUGIB患者预后不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW联合预测AUGIB患者预后不良的曲线下面积大于qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW单独预测。结论：AUGIB患者qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW水平升高与病情加重和预后不良密切相关,qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW联合预测AUGIB患者预后不良的效能较高。     

小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合奥司他韦对急性上呼吸道感染患儿血清炎性因子和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：探讨小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合奥司他韦对急性上呼吸道感染患儿血清炎性因子和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：选择2019年9月至2022年1月期间合肥市第二人民医院收治的急性上呼吸道感染患儿180例。按照双色球法将患儿分为对照组和研究组,在常规治疗的基础上,对照组（给予磷酸奥司他韦颗粒治疗）和研究组（给予小儿豉翘清热颗粒联合磷酸奥司他韦颗粒治疗）,两组各为90例。对比两组疗效、临床症状缓解情况、T淋巴细胞亚群指标、炎性因子水平和不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为95.56%,高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。研究组的咳嗽、发热、咽痛、鼻塞流涕等症状缓解时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗5 d后,研究组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺低于对照组（P<0.05）,研究组血清降钙素原（PCT）、白介素6（IL-6）、血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：奥司他韦联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗急性上呼吸道感染,可提高患儿的免疫力,降低血清PCT、IL-6、SAA、hs-CRP水平,有助于临床症状改善。     

Molecular heterogeneity of canine cholecystokinin in portal and peripheral plasma

The release of molecular forms of cholecystokinin (CCK) into the portal and peripheral blood in response to an intraduodenal perfusion of sodium oleate (9 mmol X h-1) was studied in six conscious dogs with chronic portal vein catheters. Immunoreactive CCK as concentrated from 20 ml plasma by C18 SEP PAK cartridges and the pattern of molecular forms of CCK were studied by G50 gel filtration. CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) was measured in the column eluates with antibody 5135, which measures gastrin and CCK equally and requires the intact carboxyl-terminus for full recognition. Gastrin was measured specifically with antibody 1611. Intraduodenal perfusion with oleate did not alter basal gastrin release. Release of CCK-LI by intraduodenal oleate was calculated by the increments of the integrated CCK-LI peaks over basal. Total CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI), calculated by integration of all CCK-LI peaks in gel filtration eluates, increased over basal by 12 fmol/ml in the portal and by 6 fmol/ml in the peripheral plasma after intraduodenal perfusion with sodium oleate. The main molecular forms eluted on gel filtration in positions of CCK33,39 and of CCK8. The pattern of CCK in the peripheral plasma was similar to that in the portal plasma except that in the peripheral plasma large molecular forms were more abundant than small forms. This finding was confirmed when CCK39 and CCK8 were infused either into the portal vein or into the peripheral vein and peripheral plasma CCK levels were measured. Elimination of CCK8 after portal vein infusion compared to peripheral vein infusion was about 3 times higher than that of CCK39. The abundance of large molecular forms of CCK in the circulating blood which are similar in potency to small forms, underlines their role in the physiology of CCK.     

恐鱼类的新材料

本文记述了采自云南盘溪的一恐鱼类的新材料,代表该类的一新种。这一化石的发现和记述,对于地层的对比和了解该类化石的地理分布均有一定意义。